What Is Bipolar Disorder? Symptoms, Types & Early Warning Signs
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes significant shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. These shifts—called mood episodes—range from periods of high energy (mania or hypomania) to low energy (depression).
It affects millions of people worldwide and is highly treatable with the right combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle strategies.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
There are three main types:
1. Bipolar I Disorder
Characterized by at least one manic episode lasting 7+ days or requiring hospitalization.
Depressive episodes often occur but are not required for diagnosis.
2. Bipolar II Disorder
Involves hypomanic episodes (less intense than mania) and major depressive episodes.
People with Bipolar II often struggle more with depression.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder
Long-term fluctuations between mild hypomania and mild depression lasting at least 2 years.
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
Mania Symptoms
Increased energy
Racing thoughts
Risk-taking
Less need for sleep
Feeling “invincible” or overly confident
Fast talking
Impulsivity
Hypomania Symptoms
Similar to mania, but less intense and without psychosis.
Depression Symptoms
Low mood
Fatigue
Sleep changes
Hopelessness
Loss of interest
Slow thinking
Difficulty concentrating
Early Warning Signs of a Mood Episode
Recognizing early signs helps prevent full episodes:
Early Signs of Mania
Sleeping fewer hours without feeling tired
Increased goal-setting or productivity
Spending more money
Rapid talking
Feeling unusually optimistic
Early Signs of Depression
Low motivation
Withdrawing from others
Increased fatigue
Negative self-talk
Feeling overwhelmed by small tasks
Final Thoughts
Bipolar disorder is manageable, and early awareness is key. With treatment, education, and support, people with bipolar disorder can live fulfilling, balanced lives.
