What Is OCD? Understanding Symptoms, Types, and Causes

OCD
Written By Nycole Cox

Understanding OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. OCD affects daily functioning, relationships, and quality of life if untreated.

Common OCD Symptoms

1. Obsessions

  • Intrusive, distressing thoughts, images, or urges

  • Common themes: contamination, harm, order, morality

  • Cause intense anxiety or discomfort

2. Compulsions

  • Repetitive behaviors or mental acts to reduce anxiety

  • Examples: handwashing, checking locks, counting, mental rituals

  • Often performed according to rigid rules

Types of OCD

  • Contamination OCD: Fear of germs or dirt, excessive cleaning

  • Checking OCD: Repeatedly checking doors, locks, appliances

  • Hoarding OCD: Difficulty discarding items due to perceived need

  • Intrusive Thoughts: Disturbing or violent thoughts causing distress

  • Symmetry/Ordering OCD: Need for things to be arranged in a specific way

Causes of OCD

OCD is caused by a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors:

  • Genetics: Runs in families, increasing risk

  • Brain Function: Imbalances in serotonin and activity in brain circuits

  • Environmental Factors: Trauma, stress, or infections can trigger symptoms

Final Thoughts

OCD is a real, treatable condition. Understanding its symptoms, types, and causes is the first step toward seeking help and effective treatment.

Nycole Cox
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